Stereotactic Biopsy

When a mammogram reveals an area of concern — such as a cluster of tiny calcium deposits called microcalcifications — that cannot be felt by hand and cannot be seen on ultrasound, stereotactic biopsy offers a precise, non-surgical way to sample the tissue. The procedure is typically performed with you lying face down on a specialized table that has an opening through which the breast hangs, allowing the imaging system below to work without interference.

Two X-ray images are taken from slightly different angles, and computer software calculates the exact location of the target in three dimensions — much like how your brain uses two eyes to judge depth. Once the coordinates are confirmed, a local anesthetic is injected, and a hollow needle is inserted to remove small cores of tissue. Most procedures take about 30 to 60 minutes, and most people return to normal activities within a day or two, with only minor bruising or soreness.

The tissue samples are sent to a pathologist, who examines them under a microscope to determine whether the cells are benign, precancerous, or cancerous. A small marker (a tiny metal clip) is often placed at the biopsy site during the procedure so the location can be identified in future imaging. The results typically take two to three business days and are then discussed with you by your radiologist or ordering physician.

Stereotactic biopsy allows a precise diagnosis without open surgery, which means less downtime, minimal scarring, and lower risk compared to a surgical biopsy. For the large majority of women who receive one, the result turns out to be benign — and getting that answer definitively is far preferable to watchful waiting or more invasive surgery.

When a stereotactic biopsy does find cancer or a precancerous change, the result gives your surgical team the information they need to plan the most appropriate next steps with confidence. Early, accurate diagnosis — achieved through exactly this kind of targeted biopsy — consistently leads to better outcomes.